Groot A, Carlson DW (1996) Influence of shelter on night temperatures, frost damage, and bud break of white spruce seedlings. ĭy G, Payette S (2007) Frost hollows of the boreal forest as extreme environments for black spruce tree growth. Collection Nordicana, vol 39, Centre d'études nordiques, Université Laval, Québec, Canada. Sud de la baie de James et partie de l’enclave argileuse de l’Objibway. Agric For Meteorol 137:15–24ĭugas C (1975) Le climat et son influence sur l'agriculture abitibienne. Accessed Ĭhung U, Seo HH, Hwang KH, Hwang BS, Choi J, Lee JT, Yun JI (2006) Minimum temperature mapping over complex terrain by estimating cold air accumulation potential. Accessed Įnvironment Canada (2019a) Barrage Angliers weather station, normal 1981–2010. Agric For Meteorol 16:425–443Įnvironment Canada (2019b) Mont-Brun weather station, normal 1981–2010. Sci Rep 8:9865īootsma A (1976) Estimating minimum temperature and climatological freeze risk in hilly terrain. Silva Fenn 50:1562īigler C, Bugmann H (2018) Climate-induced shifts in leaf unfolding and frost risk of European trees and shrubs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:4197–4202īerlin ME, Persson T, Jansson G, Haapanen M, Ruotsalainen S, Bärring L, Andersson GB (2016) Scots pine transfer effect models for growth and survival in Sweden and Finland. J Stat Softw 67:1–48īeckage B, Osborne B, Gavin DG, Pucko C, Siccama T, Perkins T (2008) A rapid upward shift of a forest ecotone during 40 years of warming in the Green Mountains of Vermont. R package version 1.42.1īates D, Maechler M, Bolker B, Walker S (2015) Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. EOS Trans Am Geophys Union 94:181–188īarton K (2018) MuMIn: multi-model inference. Funct Ecol 23:1031–1039Īult TR, Henebry GM, de Beurs KM, Schwartz MD, Betancourt JK, Moore D (2013) The false spring of 2012, earliest in north American record. Considering that growing-season frosts can considerably reduce tree productivity, the effects of both topography and planting microsite should be considered when determining where to establish plantations in the landscape and to determine suitable frost-free planting microsites within a plantation.Īugspurger CK (2009) Spring 2007 warmth and frost: phenology, damage and refoliation in a temperate deciduous forest. The importance of microtopography on the risk of sub-zero temperatures increased where frost events were less likely to occur such as at the temperate forest and at high elevation. Still, at both sites, when growing-season frost occurred, air temperature could vary by 4 ☌ along the elevation gradient of 15 m, often reaching sub-zero values at low elevation while reaching above-freezing values at high elevation. Growing-season frosts were more intense and probable at the boreal mixedwood forest site compared to the temperate forest site. In situ air temperature was measured for two summers (2016–2017) with 252 temperature loggers installed in two 18-years-old spruce plantations established in both temperate and boreal mixedwood forests. We quantified the intensity and probability of growing-season frosts at the boreal-temperate forest ecotone in regard to topographic and microtopographic landscape attributes, which were extracted from airborne LiDAR surveys. Since most studies on growing-season frosts are restricted to the northern parts of the boreal forest or to mountainous areas, their negative consequences on tree productivity at the boreal-temperate forest ecotone is often ignored. Permanent landscape attributes such as topography (elevation ) and microtopography (local variation in elevation ) can increase the risk of cold air drainage down-slopes and in microtopographic depressions, causing important temperature gradients that generate localized growing-season frosts.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |